Historical Perspective: Discovery of microbial world; Landmark discoveries relevant to the field of microbiology; Controversy over spontaneous generation; Role of microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases.

Methods in Microbiology: Pure culture techniques; Principles of microbial nutrition; Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of microorganisms; antigen and antibody detection methods for microbial diagnosis; Light-, phase contrast-, fluorescence- and electron-microscopy; PCR, real-time PCR for quantitation of microbes; Next generation sequencing technologies in microbiology.

Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity: Bacteria, Archaea and their broad classification; Eukaryotic microbes: yeasts, molds and protozoa; Viruses and their classification; Molecular approaches to microbial taxonomy and phylogeny.

Prokaryotic Cells: Structure and Function: Cell walls, cell membranes and their biosynthesis, mechanisms of solute transport across membranes, flagella and pili, capsules, cell inclusions like endospores and gas vesicles; bacterial locomotion, including positive and negative chemotaxis.

Microbial Growth: Definition of growth; Growth curve; Mathematical expression of exponential growth phase; Measurement of growth and growth yields; Synchronous growth; Continuous culture; Effect of environmental factors on growth; Bacterial biofilm and biofouling.

Control of Micro-organisms: Disinfection and Sterilization—principles, methods and assessment of efficacy.

Microbial Metabolism: Energetics (redox reactions and electron carriers); Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation; An overview of metabolism; Glycolysis; Pentose-phosphate pathway; Entner-Doudoroff pathway; Glyoxalate pathway; The citric acid cycle; Fermentation; Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Chemolithotrophy; Photosynthesis; Calvin cycle; Biosynthetic pathway for fatty acids synthesis; Common regulatory mechanisms in synthesis of amino acids; Regulation of major metabolic pathways.

Microbial Diseases and Host–Pathogen Interaction: Normal microbiota; classification of infectious diseases; reservoirs of infection; nosocomial infection; opportunistic infections; emerging infectious diseases; mechanism of microbial pathogenicity; nonspecific defense of host; antigens and antibodies; humoral and cell mediated immunity; vaccines; passive immunization; immune deficiency; human diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi.

Chemotherapy/Antibiotics: General characteristics of antimicrobial drugs; Antibiotics—classification, molecular mechanism of mode of action and resistance; Antifungal and antiviral drugs.

Microbial Genetics: Types of mutation; UV and chemical mutagens; Selection of mutants; Ames test for mutagenesis; Bacterial genetic system: transformation, conjugation, transduction, recombination, plasmids, transposons; DNA repair; Regulation of gene expression: repression and induction; Operon model; Bacterial genome with special reference to E. coli; Phage \u03bb and its life cycle; RNA; mutation in virus genomes, virus recombination and reassortment; Basic concept of microbial genomics.

Microbial Ecology: Microbial interactions; Carbon, sulphur and nitrogen cycles; Soil microorganisms associated with vascular plants; Bioremediation; Uncultivable microorganisms; basic concept of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.

Organization of life; Importance of water; Structure and function of biomolecules: Amino acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic acids; Protein structure, folding/misfolding and function; Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase and Chymotrypsin.

Enzyme kinetics, regulation and inhibition; Vitamins and Coenzymes; Bioenergetics and metabolism; Generation and utilization of ATP; Metabolic pathways and their regulation: glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism; Metabolism of Nitrogen containing compounds: nitrogen fixation, amino acids and nucleotides. Photosynthesis, Calvin cycle.

Biochemical separation techniques: Ion exchange, size exclusion and affinity chromatography, centrifugation; Characterization of biomolecules by electrophoresis; DNA- protein and protein – protein interactions; UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy; Mass spectrometry.

Cell structure and organelles; Biological membranes; Action potential; Transport across membranes; Membrane assembly and Protein targeting; Signal transduction; Receptor ligand interaction; Hormones and neurotransmitters.

DNA replication, transcription and translation; DNA damage and repair; Biochemical regulation of gene expression; Recombinant DNA technology and applications: PCR, site directed mutagenesis, DNA-microarray; Next generation sequencing; Gene silencing and editing.

Immune System: Innate and adaptive; Cell of the immune system; Active and passive immunity; Complement system; Antibody structure, function and diversity; B cell and T Cell receptors; B cell and T cell activation; Major histocompatibilty complex; Immunological techniques: Immuno diffusion, immune-electrophoresis, RIA and ELISA, flow cytometry; monoclonal antibodies and their applications.

Main Group Elements - Hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids, nitrides, sulfides – shapes and reactivity

Main Group Elements - Hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids, nitrides, sulfides – shapes and reactivity

Structure and bonding of boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes. Allotropes of carbon, phosphorous and sulphur. Industrial synthesis of compounds of main group elements.

Structure and bonding of boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes. Allotropes of carbon, phosphorous and sulphur. Industrial synthesis of compounds of main group elements.

Chemistry of noble gases, pseudohalogens, and interhalogen compounds.

Chemistry of noble gases, pseudohalogens, and interhalogen compounds.

Acid-base concepts and principles (Lewis, Brønsted, HSAB and acid-base catalysis).

Acid-base concepts and principles (Lewis, Brønsted, HSAB and acid-base catalysis).

Transition Elements: Coordination chemistry – structure and isomerism, theories of bonding (VBT, CFT, and MOT). Energy level diagrams in various crystal fields, CFSE, applications of CFT, Jahn-Teller distortion. Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes: spectroscopic term symbols, selection rules, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, nephelauxetic effect and Racah parameter, charge-transfer spectra. Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes. Ray- Dutt and Bailar twists, Reaction mechanisms: kinetic and thermodynamic stability, substitution and redox reactions. Metal-metal multiple bond.

Transition Elements: Coordination chemistry – structure and isomerism, theories of bonding (VBT, CFT, and MOT). Energy level diagrams in various crystal fields, CFSE, applications of CFT, Jahn-Teller distortion. Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes: spectroscopic term symbols, selection rules, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, nephelauxetic effect and Racah parameter, charge-transfer spectra. Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes. Ray- Dutt and Bailar twists, Reaction mechanisms: kinetic and thermodynamic stability, substitution and redox reactions. Metal-metal multiple bond.

Lanthanides and Actinides: Recovery. Periodic properties, spectra and magnetic properties.

Lanthanides and Actinides: Recovery. Periodic properties, spectra and magnetic properties.

Organometallics - 18-Electron rule; metal-alkyl, metal-carbonyl, metal-olefin and metal-carbene complexes and metallocenes. Fluxionality in organometallic complexes. Types of organometallic reactions. Homogeneous catalysis - Hydrogenation, hydroformylation, acetic acid synthesis, metathesis and olefin oxidation. Heterogeneous catalysis - Fischer-Tropsch reaction, Ziegler-Natta polymerization.

Organometallics - 18-Electron rule; metal-alkyl, metal-carbonyl, metal-olefin and metal-carbene complexes and metallocenes. Fluxionality in organometallic complexes. Types of organometallic reactions. Homogeneous catalysis - Hydrogenation, hydroformylation, acetic acid synthesis, metathesis and olefin oxidation. Heterogeneous catalysis - Fischer-Tropsch reaction, Ziegler-Natta polymerization.

Radioactivity: Detection of radioactivity, Decay processes, half-life of radioactive elements, fission and fusion processes.

Radioactivity: Detection of radioactivity, Decay processes, half-life of radioactive elements, fission and fusion processes.

Bioinorganic Chemistry - Ion (Na+ and K+) transport, oxygen binding, transport and utilization, electron transfer reactions, nitrogen fixation, metalloenzymes containing magnesium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper and zinc.

Bioinorganic Chemistry - Ion (Na+ and K+) transport, oxygen binding, transport and utilization, electron transfer reactions, nitrogen fixation, metalloenzymes containing magnesium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper and zinc.

Solids- Crystal systems and lattices, Miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects, Bragg’s law, ionic crystals, structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 type compounds, spinels, band theory, metals and semiconductors.

Solids- Crystal systems and lattices, Miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects, Bragg’s law, ionic crystals, structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 type compounds, spinels, band theory, metals and semiconductors.

Instrumental Methods of Analysis - UV-visible, fluorescence and FTIR spectrophotometry, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn) and X-ray crystallography. Chromatography including GC and HPLC. Electroanalytical methods- polarography, cyclic voltammetry, ion-selective electrodes. Thermoanalytical methods.

Instrumental Methods of Analysis - UV-visible, fluorescence and FTIR spectrophotometry, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn) and X-ray crystallography. Chromatography including GC and HPLC. Electroanalytical methods- polarography, cyclic voltammetry, ion-selective electrodes. Thermoanalytical methods.

Stereochemistry - Chirality, symmetry, absolute configurations, relative stereochemistry, homotopic/enantiotopic/diastereotopic atoms, stereoselective/stereospecific synthesis, conformational analysis, geometrical/optical isomerism, configurational/conformational effects, atropisomerism, neighbouring group participation

Stereochemistry - Chirality, symmetry, absolute configurations, relative stereochemistry, homotopic/enantiotopic/diastereotopic atoms, stereoselective/stereospecific synthesis, conformational analysis, geometrical/optical isomerism, configurational/conformational effects, atropisomerism, neighbouring group participation

Reaction Mechanisms - Basic mechanistic concepts – kinetic versus thermodynamic control, Hammond’s postulate and Curtin-Hammett principle. Methods of determining reaction mechanisms through kinetics, identification of products, intermediates and isotopic labelling. Linear free-energy relationship – Hammett and Taft equations. Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions (both aromatic and aliphatic). Addition reactions to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (N and O) multiple bonds. Elimination reactions.

Reaction Mechanisms - Basic mechanistic concepts – kinetic versus thermodynamic control, Hammond’s postulate and Curtin-Hammett principle. Methods of determining reaction mechanisms through kinetics, identification of products, intermediates and isotopic labelling. Linear free-energy relationship – Hammett and Taft equations. Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions (both aromatic and aliphatic). Addition reactions to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (N and O) multiple bonds. Elimination reactions.

Reactive intermediates - carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes and free radicals. Molecular rearrangements.

Reactive intermediates - carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes and free radicals. Molecular rearrangements.

Organic Synthesis- Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following classes of compounds – alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitriles, halides, nitro compounds, amines and amides. Uses of Mg, Li, Cu, B, Zn, P, S, Sn and Si based reagents in organic synthesis.

Organic Synthesis- Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following classes of compounds – alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitriles, halides, nitro compounds, amines and amides. Uses of Mg, Li, Cu, B, Zn, P, S, Sn and Si based reagents in organic synthesis.

Carbon-carbon bond formation through coupling reactions - Heck, Suzuki, Stille, Sonogoshira, Negishi, Kumada, Hiyama, Tsuji-Trost, olefin metathesis and McMurry.

Carbon-carbon bond formation through coupling reactions - Heck, Suzuki, Stille, Sonogoshira, Negishi, Kumada, Hiyama, Tsuji-Trost, olefin metathesis and McMurry.

Concepts of multistep synthesis - retrosynthetic analysis, strategic disconnections, synthons and synthetic equivalents. Atom economy and Green Chemistry, Umpolung reactivity – formyl and acyl anion equivalents.

Concepts of multistep synthesis - retrosynthetic analysis, strategic disconnections, synthons and synthetic equivalents. Atom economy and Green Chemistry, Umpolung reactivity – formyl and acyl anion equivalents.

Selectivity in organic synthesis – chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. Protection and deprotection of functional groups. Concepts of asymmetric synthesis – resolution (including enzymatic), desymmetrization and use of chiral auxiliaries, organocatalysis.

Selectivity in organic synthesis – chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. Protection and deprotection of functional groups. Concepts of asymmetric synthesis – resolution (including enzymatic), desymmetrization and use of chiral auxiliaries, organocatalysis.

Carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions through enolates (including boron enolates), enamines and silyl enol ethers. Stereoselective addition to C=O groups (Cram, Prelog and Felkin-Anh models).

Carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions through enolates (including boron enolates), enamines and silyl enol ethers. Stereoselective addition to C=O groups (Cram, Prelog and Felkin-Anh models).

Pericyclic Reactions and Photochemistry - Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions. Orbital correlations - FMO and PMO treatments, Woodward-Hoffmann rule. Photochemistry of alkenes, arenes and carbonyl compounds. Photooxidation and photoreduction. Di-π-methane rearrangement, Barton-McCombie reaction, Norrish type-I and II cleavage reaction.

Pericyclic Reactions and Photochemistry - Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions. Orbital correlations - FMO and PMO treatments, Woodward-Hoffmann rule. Photochemistry of alkenes, arenes and carbonyl compounds. Photooxidation and photoreduction. Di-π-methane rearrangement, Barton-McCombie reaction, Norrish type-I and II cleavage reaction.

Heterocyclic Compounds - Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole, quinoline and isoquinoline

Heterocyclic Compounds - Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole, quinoline and isoquinoline

Biomolecules - Structure, properties and reactions of mono- and di-saccharides, physicochemical properties of amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, chemical structure determination of peptides and proteins, structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids.

Biomolecules - Structure, properties and reactions of mono- and di-saccharides, physicochemical properties of amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, chemical structure determination of peptides and proteins, structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids.

Experimental Techniques in Organic Chemistry- Optical rotation (polarimetry). Applications of various chromatographic techniques such as thin-layer, column, HPLC and GC. Applications of UV-visible, IR, NMR and Mass spectrometry in the structural determination of organic molecules.

Experimental Techniques in Organic Chemistry- Optical rotation (polarimetry). Applications of various chromatographic techniques such as thin-layer, column, HPLC and GC. Applications of UV-visible, IR, NMR and Mass spectrometry in the structural determination of organic molecules.

Structure: Postulates of quantum mechanics. Operators. Time dependent and time independent Schrödinger equations. Born interpretation. Dirac bra-ket notation. Particle in a box: infinite and finite square wells; concept of tunnelling; particle in 1D, 2D and 3D-box; applications. Harmonic oscillator: harmonic and anharmonic potentials; Hermite polynomials. Rotational motion: Angular momentum operators, Rigid rotor. Hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms: atomic orbitals; radial distribution function.

Structure: Postulates of quantum mechanics. Operators. Time dependent and time independent Schrödinger equations. Born interpretation. Dirac bra-ket notation. Particle in a box: infinite and finite square wells; concept of tunnelling; particle in 1D, 2D and 3D-box; applications. Harmonic oscillator: harmonic and anharmonic potentials; Hermite polynomials. Rotational motion: Angular momentum operators, Rigid rotor. Hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms: atomic orbitals; radial distribution function.

Multi-electron atoms: orbital approximation; electron spin; Pauli exclusion principle; Slater determinants. Approximation Methods: Variation method and secular determinants; first order perturbation techniques. Atomic units.

Multi-electron atoms: orbital approximation; electron spin; Pauli exclusion principle; Slater determinants. Approximation Methods: Variation method and secular determinants; first order perturbation techniques. Atomic units.

Molecular structure and Chemical bonding: Born-Oppenheimer approximation; Valence bond theory and linear combination of atomic orbitals – molecular orbital (LCAO-MO) theory. Hybrid orbitals. Applications of LCAO-MO theory to H2+, H2; orbital theory (MOT) of homo- and heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Hückel approximation and its application to annular π–electron systems.

Molecular structure and Chemical bonding: Born-Oppenheimer approximation; Valence bond theory and linear combination of atomic orbitals – molecular orbital (LCAO-MO) theory. Hybrid orbitals. Applications of LCAO-MO theory to H2+, H2; orbital theory (MOT) of homo- and heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Hückel approximation and its application to annular π–electron systems.

Group theory: Symmetry elements and operations; Point groups and character tables; Internal coordinates and vibrational modes; symmetry adapted linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO-MO); construction of hybrid orbitals using symmetry aspects.

Group theory: Symmetry elements and operations; Point groups and character tables; Internal coordinates and vibrational modes; symmetry adapted linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO-MO); construction of hybrid orbitals using symmetry aspects.

Spectroscopy - Atomic spectroscopy; Russell-Saunders coupling; Term symbols and spectral details; origin of selection rules. Rotational, vibrational, electronic and Raman spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Line broadening. Einstein's coefficients. Relationship of transition moment integral with molar extinction coefficient and oscillator strength. Basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance - gyromagnetic ratio; chemical shift, nuclear coupling.

Spectroscopy - Atomic spectroscopy; Russell-Saunders coupling; Term symbols and spectral details; origin of selection rules. Rotational, vibrational, electronic and Raman spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Line broadening. Einstein's coefficients. Relationship of transition moment integral with molar extinction coefficient and oscillator strength. Basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance - gyromagnetic ratio; chemical shift, nuclear coupling.

Equilibrium - Laws of thermodynamics, Standard states, Thermochemistry, Thermodynamic functions and their relationships, Criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium, Absolute entropy, Partial molar quantities, Thermodynamics of mixing, Chemical potential, Fugacity, activity and activity coefficients, Ideal and Non-ideal solutions, Chemical equilibria, Dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature and pressure

Equilibrium - Laws of thermodynamics, Standard states, Thermochemistry, Thermodynamic functions and their relationships, Criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium, Absolute entropy, Partial molar quantities, Thermodynamics of mixing, Chemical potential, Fugacity, activity and activity coefficients, Ideal and Non-ideal solutions, Chemical equilibria, Dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature and pressure

Phase rule, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Phase diagram of one component systems (CO2, H2O, S), two component systems (liquid-vapour, liquid-liquid, solid-liquid), Fractional distillation, Azeotropes and eutectics

Phase rule, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Phase diagram of one component systems (CO2, H2O, S), two component systems (liquid-vapour, liquid-liquid, solid-liquid), Fractional distillation, Azeotropes and eutectics

Ionic mobility and conductivity. Debye-Hückel limiting law. Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation. Standard electrode potentials and electrochemical cells. Nernst Equation and its application, relationship between Electrode potential and thermodynamic quantities, Potentiometric and conductometric titrations.

Ionic mobility and conductivity. Debye-Hückel limiting law. Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation. Standard electrode potentials and electrochemical cells. Nernst Equation and its application, relationship between Electrode potential and thermodynamic quantities, Potentiometric and conductometric titrations.

Statistical thermodynamics- micro canonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles, Boltzmann distribution, partition functions and thermodynamic properties.

Statistical thermodynamics- micro canonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles, Boltzmann distribution, partition functions and thermodynamic properties.

Kinetics - Elementary, parallel, opposing and consecutive reactions. Steady state approximation. Mechanisms of complex reactions, Kinetics of polymerization. Catalysis concepts and enzyme catalysis. Kinetic isotope effects.

Kinetics - Elementary, parallel, opposing and consecutive reactions. Steady state approximation. Mechanisms of complex reactions, Kinetics of polymerization. Catalysis concepts and enzyme catalysis. Kinetic isotope effects.

Unimolecular reactions. Potential energy surfaces and classical trajectories, Concept of Saddle points, Transition state theory - Eyring equation, thermodynamic aspects

Unimolecular reactions. Potential energy surfaces and classical trajectories, Concept of Saddle points, Transition state theory - Eyring equation, thermodynamic aspects

Fast reaction kinetics- relaxation and flow methods. Diffusion controlled reactions. Kinetics of photochemical and photo physical processes.

Fast reaction kinetics- relaxation and flow methods. Diffusion controlled reactions. Kinetics of photochemical and photo physical processes.

Surfaces and Interfaces - Physisorption and chemisorption. Langmuir, Freundlich and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherms. Surface catalysis- Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Surface tension, viscosity. Self-assembly. Physical chemistry of colloids, micelles and macromolecules

Surfaces and Interfaces - Physisorption and chemisorption. Langmuir, Freundlich and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherms. Surface catalysis- Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Surface tension, viscosity. Self-assembly. Physical chemistry of colloids, micelles and macromolecules

Mathematical Physics covering Linear Vector Spaces, Matrices, Differential Equations, Special Functions, Complex Analysis, Integral Transforms, and Tensor Calculus

Classical Mechanics: Lagrangian Formulation (D'Alembert's principle, Euler-Lagrange equation, Hamilton's principle, calculus of variations), Symmetry and conservation laws, Central force motion (Kepler problem and Rutherford scattering), Small oscillations (coupled oscillations and normal modes), Rigid body dynamics (inertia tensor, orthogonal transformations, Euler angles, Torque-free motion of a symmetric top), Hamiltonian and Hamilton's equations of motion, Liouville's theorem, Canonical transformations (action-angle variables, Poisson brackets, Hamilton-Jacobi equation), Special Theory of Relativity (Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics, mass-energy equivalence)

Electromagnetic Theory - Electrostatics and Magnetostatics, Maxwell's Equations, Wave Propagation, Boundary Interactions, Energy Transport, and Radiation Phenomena

Section 4: Quantum Mechanics - Postulates of quantum mechanics, uncertainty principle, Schrodinger equation, Dirac Bra Ket notation, linear vectors and operators in Hilbert space, one dimensional potentials (step potential, finite rectangular well, tunneling, particle in a box, harmonic oscillator), two and three dimensional systems with degeneracy, hydrogen atom, angular momentum and spin, addition of angular momenta, variational method, WKB approximation, time independent perturbation theory, elementary scattering theory, Born approximation, and symmetries in quantum mechanical systems

Section 5: Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics - Laws of thermodynamics; Macrostates and microstates; phase space; Ensembles; Partition function, free energy, calculation of thermodynamic quantities; Classical and quantum statistics; Degenerate Fermi gas; Black body radiation and Planck's distribution law; Bose-Einstein condensation; First and second order phase transitions, phase equilibria, critical point

Section 6: Atomic & Molecular Physics - Spectra of one- and many-electron atoms, spin-orbit interaction (LS and jj couplings), fine and hyperfine structures, Zeeman and Stark effects, electric dipole transitions and selection rules, rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules, electronic transitions in diatomic molecules, Franck-Condon principle, Raman effect, EPR, NMR, ESR, X-ray spectra, lasers (Einstein coefficients, population inversion, two and three level systems)

Section 7: Solid State Physics - Comprehensive coverage of crystallography, electronic structure, transport properties, optical, dielectric, magnetic properties, and superconductivity

Section 8: Electronics - Semiconductor Fundamentals, Metal-Semiconductor Junctions, Semiconductor Devices, Analog Circuits, Digital Electronics

Section 9: Nuclear Physics - Nuclear radii and charge distributions, nuclear binding energy, electric and magnetic moments, Semi-empirical mass formula, Nuclear models (liquid drop model, nuclear shell model), Nuclear force and two nucleon problem, Alpha decay, beta-decay, electromagnetic transitions in nuclei, Rutherford scattering, nuclear reactions, conservation laws, Fission and fusion, Particle accelerators and detectors, Elementary particles (photons, baryons, mesons and leptons), Quark model, Conservation laws, isospin symmetry, charge conjugation, parity and time-reversal invariance