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CSIR Life Sciences Master Course

6 MONTHS STUDY PLAN

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General

Exam Analysis

TRIAL TOPIC Access

1.1 Membrane Structure and Function
1.2 Translation Initiation and Initiation Complex Formation
1.3 Regulation of Bacteriophage Gene Expression
1.4 Neuro Transmission
1.5 Inflammation
Trial Quiz

Unit 1 Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

1.1 Structure Of Atoms Molecules And Chemical Bonds

1.1.1 Atomic Structure For Life Sciences
1.1.2 Periodic Trends That Predict Bonding And Reactivity
1.1.3 Intramolecular Bonding Ionic Covalent Coordinate Metallic
1.1.4 Drawing Molecules Lewis Structures Formal Charge Resonance
1.1.5 Molecular Geometry Hybridization And Polarity
1.1.6 Intermolecular Forces And Their Biological Consequences

1.2 Composition Structure And Function Of Biomolecules

1.2.1 Big picture Biomolecules And Chemistry Logic
1.2.2 Carbohydrates Composition Structure And Function
1.2.3 Lipids composition Structure And Function
1.2.4 Proteins Amino Acids To Functional Machines
1.2.5 Nucleic Acids Information Storage And Transfer
1.2.6 Vitamins Structures Coenzymes And Deficiency Logic
1.2.7 Integration Structure function Comparisons Across Biomolecules

1.3 Stablizing Interactions

1.3.1 Why Stabilizing Interactions Matter In Biology
1.3.2 Electrostatic Interactions And Ionic Effects
1.3.3 Hydrogen Bonding Rules Geometry And Competition With Water
1.3.4 Van Der Waals Interactions And Steric Complementarity
1.3.5 Hydrophobic Interaction And The Role Of Water
1.3.6 Solvation Water Mediation And Desolvation Penalties
1.3.7 Thermodynamic Integration For Folding And Binding

1.4 Principles Of Biophysical Chemistry

1.4.1 Mathematical And Unit Toolkit For Biophysical Chemistry
1.4.2 pH And Acid-Base Equilibria In Biological Systems
1.4.3 Buffers Design Range And Biological Significance
1.4.4 Reaction Kinetics Rates Orders And Integrated Laws
1.4.5 Thermodynamics Spontaneity Equilibrium And Coupling
1.4.6 Colligative Properties And Osmosis In Biological Contexts

1.5 Bioenergetics

1.5.1 Bioenergetics Toolkit For Pathways
1.5.2 Coupled Reactions And Group Transfer Principles
1.5.3 Glycolysis Pathway Map Energetics And Control Points
1.5.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation Chemiosmosis And ATP Synthase
1.5.5 Biological Energy Transducers And Membrane Based Work
1.5.6 High Yield Inhibitors Uncouplers And Diagnostic Predictions
1.5.7 Integration Atp Yield Shuttles And Coupled Pathway Questions

1.6 Principles Of Catalysis Enzymes And Enzyme Kinetics

1.6.1 Catalysis Fundamentals For Biological Reactions
1.6.2 Enzymes Structure Cofactors And Classification
1.6.3 Michaelis-Menten Kinetics And Parameter Meaning
1.6.4 Linear Plots Diagnostics And Common Traps
1.6.5 Enzyme Inhibition Reversible And Irreversible
1.6.6 Mechanisms Of Enzyme Catalysis And Active Site Strategies
1.6.7 Enzyme Regulation And Allostery
1.6.8 Isozymes Properties Tissues And Diagnostic Logic

1.7 Conformation Of Proteins

1.7.1 Backbone Geometry And Constraints In Polypeptides
1.7.2 Ramachandran Plot Reading Reasoning And Exam Use
1.7.3 Secondary Structure Types HBonding And Stability Rules
1.7.4 Motifs And Supersecondary Structures
1.7.4 Domains Modular Units Of Structure And Function
1.7.6 Protein Folds And Structural Classes
1.7.7 Conformation In Context Dynamics Disorder And Validation Cues

1.8 Conformation Of Nucleic Acids

1.8.1 Nucleic Acid Geometry And Why Multiple Helices Exist
1.8.2 B-DNA And Groove Based Recognition
1.8.3 A-Form Helix And RNA Duplex Geometry
1.8.4 Z-DNA And Conformational Transitions
1.8.5 RNA Secondary Structure Hairpins Loops And Wobble Pairing
1.8.6 T-RNA Conformation From Clover Leaf To L-Shape
1.8.7 Micro RNA Conformation And Gene Regulation Logic

1.9 Stability Of Proteins And Nucleic Acids

1.9.1 What Stability Means For Biomacromolecules
1.9.2 Protein Stability Forces And Structural Determinants
1.9.3 Protein Denaturation And Unfolding Pathways
1.9.4 Aggregation Mis-folding And Chaperone Assisted Stability Bridge
1.9.5 Nucleic Acid Stability Pairing Stacking And Ionic Environment
1.9.6 DNA-RNA Melting Annealing And Experimental Signatures
1.9.7 RNA Chemical Stability And Protection Strategies
1.9.8 Integrated Problem Patterns Stability Shifts And Perturbations

1.10 Metabolism

1.10.1Metabolism Map And Bookkeeping Framework
1.10.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism Beyond Glycolysis
1.10.3 TCA Entry Points And Integration With Carbohydrate Flux
1.10.4 Lipid Catabolism Beta-oxidation And Ketone Bodies
1.10.5 Lipid Anabolism Fatty Acid Synthesis And Cholesterol Overview
1.10.6 Amino Acid Metabolism Nitrogen Handling And Carbon Skeleton Fates
1.10.7 Nucleotide Metabolism Synthesis Salvage And Degradation
1.10.8 Vitamin Metabolism As Coenzyme Networks
1.10.9 Integrated Regulation Across Macronutrient And Nucleotide Metabolism

Unit 2 Cellular Organization

2.1 Membrane Structure And Function

2.1.1 Model Membranes And Foundational Membrane Models
2.1.2 Lipid Bilayer Architecture Asymmetry And Fluidity Control
2.1.3 Membrane Proteins And Diffusion In The Lipid Bilayer
2.1.4 Osmosis And Water Transport Across Membranes
2.1.5 Ion Channels Selectivity Gating And Basic Electrophysiology
2.1.6 Active Transport And Membrane Pumps
2.1.7 orting And Regulation Of Intracellular Transport Membrane Trafficking
2.1.8 Electrical Properties Of Membranes And Membrane Potential

2.2 Structural Organization And Function Of Intracellular Organelles

2.2.1 Big Picture Organelles Compartments And The Endomembrane Logic
2.2.2 Cell Wall Architecture Composition And Biological Roles
2.2.3 Nucleus Nuclear Envelope Chromatin Nucleolus And Transport
2.2.4 Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Lipid Synthesis Folding And Quality Control
2.2.5 Golgi Apparatus Polarity Glycosylation And Sorting Decisions
2.2.6 Lysosomes And The Endolysosomal Degradative Pathway
2.2.7 Peroxisomes Detoxification Lipid Oxidation And Targeting
2.2.8 Mitochondria Structure Genetic Autonomy And Functional Integration
2.2.9 Plastids Chloroplasts And Vacuoles In Plant Cells
2.2.10 Cytoskeleton Polymers Dynamics And Cellular Motility

2.3 Organization Of Genes And Chromosomes

2.3.1 Big Picture Of Gene And Chromosome Organization
2.3.2 Operons And Prokaryotic Gene Organization
2.3.3 Eukaryotic Genes And Interrupted Gene Structure
2.3.4 Unique And Repetitive Dna Classes And Genome Complexity
2.3.5 Gene Families Duplication Divergence And Functional Specialization
2.3.6 Chromatin Nucleosomes And Higherorder Packaging
2.3.7 Chromosomes Structural Elements And Organization
2.3.8 Euchromatin And Heterochromatin Structure Function And Epigenetic States
2.3.9 Transposons And Mobile Genetic Elements In Genome Organization

2.4 Cell Division And Cell Cycle

2.4.1 Cell Cycle Framework And Phase Specific Events
2.4.2 Mitosis Stages Spindle Mechanics And Cytokinesis
2.4.3 Meiosis Reduction Division Recombination And Segregation Logic
2.4.4 Core Regulatory Engine Cyclins Cdks And Switching Behavior
2.4.5 Checkpoints And Control Ensuring Fidelity Of DNA Replication And Segregation
2.4.6 Regulation Specifics Meiosis Control Licensing And Experimental Assessment

2.5 Microbial Physiology

2.5.1 Microbial Growth Curves And Defining Growth Characteristics
2.5.2 Measuring Microbial Growth Methods And Interpretation
2.5.3 Growth Yield Biomass Formation Yield Coefficients And Maintenance
2.5.4 Batch Vs Continuous Culture Chemostat Thinking And Growth Limitation
2.5.5 Strategies Of Microbial Cell Division And Morphological Alternatives
2.5.6 Stress Responses Sensing Regulation And Survival Outcomes

Unit 3 Fundamental Processes

3.1 DNA Replication Repair And Recombination

3.1.1 Replicons And The Logic Of Dna Replication
3.1.2 Enzymes And The Replisomewho Does What
3.1.3 Origins Initiation And Replication Fork Mechanics
3.1.4 Fidelity Of Replication how Genomes Stay Accurate
3.1.5 Extrachromosomal Repliconsplasmids And Organellar Genomes
3.1.6 DNA Damagelesion Types And How Cells Sense Trouble
3.1.7 DNA Repair Mechanisms Pathway Toolkit And Decision Points
3.1.8 Homologous Recombination Mechanism And Outcomes
3.1.9 Site Specific Recombination Precision DNA Rearrangements

3.2 RNA Synthesis And Processing

3.2.1 Big Picture Of RNA Synthesis And RNA Fates
3.2.2 Transcription Machinery And Rna Polymerases
3.2.3 Initiation And Formation Of The Initiation Complex
3.2.4 Activators And Repressors Principles Of Transcription Regulation
3.2.5 Elongation Processivity Pausing And Coupling To Processing
3.2.6 Termination Ending Transcription Accurately
3.2.7 mRNA Capping Structure Steps And Significance
3.2.8 Splicing Spliceosome Mechanism And Alternative Splicing
3.2.9 End Processing Cleavage And Polyadenylation
3.2.10 RNA Processing Beyond mRNA rRNA And tRNA Maturation
3.2.11 RNA Editing Changing RNA Information Post Transcriptionally
3.2.12 RNA Types RNPs And RNA Transport

3.3 Protein Synthesis And Processing

3.3.1 Overview Of Translation And Protein Maturation
3.3.2 Genetic Code And Decoding Principles
3.3.3 Ribosome Structure And Functional Sites
3.3.4 Initiation I Initiation Complex Formation Bacteria Vs Eukaryotes
3.3.5 Initiation II Initiation Factors And Their Regulation
3.3.6 Elongation I The Elongation Cycle And Energy Use
3.3.7 Elongation II Elongation Factors And Translational Fidelity
3.3.8 Termination And Ribosome Recycling
3.3.9 Aminoacylation Of tRNA Synthetases Identity And Editing
3.3.10 Translational Inhibitors Targets And Mechanisms
3.3.11 Post Translational Modifications Types Enzymes And Functional Consequences
3.3.12 Integrating Translation With Protein Quality Control

3.4 Control Of Gene Expression At Transcription And Translation Level

3.4.1 Regulatory Logic How Cells Decide When And How Much
3.4.2 Phage Gene Regulation Timing And Switches
3.4.3 Viral Gene Expression Host Dependent Control And Translational Tricks
3.4.4 Prokaryotic Transcriptional Regulation Operons And Global Responses
3.4.5 Prokaryotic Translational Regulation RNA As A Regulator
3.4.6 Eukaryotic Transcription Regulation Enhancers Combinatorial Control And Mediator
3.4.7 Eukaryotic Translational Regulation Initiation Control And RNA based Repression
3.4.8 Chromatin As A Gate Access Remodeling And Transcription Output
3.4.9 Histone Modifications And Epigenetic Gene Silencing

Unit 4 Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

4.1 Host Parasite Interaction

4.1.1 Host Pathogen Recognition As A Signaling Problem
4.1.2 Recognition And Entry Bacterial Strategies In Animal And Plant Hosts
4.1.3 Recognition And Entry Viral Attachment Uptake And Fusion In Animal And Plant Hosts
4.1.4 Alteration Of Host Cell Behavior By Pathogens
4.1.5 Virus induced Cell Transformation Oncogenic Mechanisms
4.1.6 Pathogen induced Diseases In Animals And Plants From Mechanism To Phenotype
4.1.7 Cell-cell Fusion In Normal Physiology And In Infection pathology

4.2 Cell Signaling

4.2.1 Hormones And Receptors Signaling Fundamentals
4.2.2 Cell surface Receptor Families And Their Output Logic
4.2.3 gPCR Signaling Heterotrimeric G Proteins To Effectors
4.2.4 Second Messengers Encoding Amplification And Dynamics
4.2.5 Canonical Signal Transduction Pathways
4.2.6 Regulation Of Signaling Pathways Robustness Adaptation And Crosstalk
4.2.7 Two component Systems In Bacteria Sensing To Gene Expression
4.2.8 Plant Two component And Phosphorelay Signaling
4.2.9 Light Signaling In Plants Photoreceptors To Development
4.2.10 Bacterial Chemotaxis Rapid Signaling To Motility
4.2.11 Quorum Sensing Population level Signaling And Coordinated Gene Expression

4.3 Cellular Communication

4.3.1 General Principles Of Cellular Communication
4.3.2 Cell Adhesion Molecules Junctions And Tissue level Roles
4.2.3 Extracellular Matrix ECM Structure Signaling And Remodeling
4.3.4 Integrins Bidirectional Signaling And Mechanotransduction
4.3.5 Gap Junctions Direct Cell-Cell Communication
4.3.6 Regulation Of Hematopoiesis Niche Signals And Lineage Decisions
4.3.7 Neurotransmission Synapses Receptors And Signal Integration
4.3.8 Regulation Of Neurotransmission Termination Modulation And Plasticity

4.4 Cancer

4.4.1 Foundations What Cancer Is At The Cellular Level
4.4.2 Genetic Rearrangements In Progenitor Cells
4.4.3 Oncogenes Gainof function Logic And Pathway Activation
4.4.4 Tumor Suppressor Genes Loss of function And Checkpoint Failure
4.4.5 Cancer And The Cell Cycle Cdks Checkpoints And Dysregulation
4.4.6 Apoptosis And Cancer Evasion Of Programmed Cell Death
4.4.7 Virus induced Cancer Mechanisms Of Viral Oncogenesis
4.4.8 Tumor Microenvironment Interaction Of Cancer Cells With Normal Cells
4.4.9 Metastasis Invasion Dissemination And Colonization
4.4.10 Therapeutic Interventions Controlling Uncontrolled Cell Growth

4.5 Innate And Adaptive Immune System

4.5.1 Immune System Overview Innate Vs Adaptive
4,5,2 Antigens Epitopes And Immunogenicity
4.5.3 Antibody Structure Isotypes And Functions
4.5.4 Generation Of Antibody Diversity
4.5.5 Antigen antibody Interactions And Measurement Logic
4.5.6 Monoclonal Antibodies And Antibody Engineering
4.5.7 Mhc Molecules Structure Restriction And Polymorphism
4.5.8 Antigen Processing And Presentation Pathways
4.5.9 Bcell Receptor Signaling Activation And Differentiation
4.5.10 Tcell Receptor Signaling Activation And Differentiation
4.5.11 Humoral Vs Cell mediated Responses And Immune Memory
4.5.12 Complement System And Innate Receptor Sensing Tlrs
4.5.13 Inflammation And Cellmediated Effector Functions
4.5.14 Hypersensitivity And Autoimmunity
4.5.15 Immune Responses In Tb Malaria And Hiv
4.5.16 Congenital And Acquired Immunodeficiencies
4.5.17 Vaccines Principles Platforms And Immune Correlates

Unit 5 Developmental Biology

5_01 Basic Concepts Of Development

01Scope And Language Of Developmental Biology
02Potency And Stemcell States
03Commitment Specification To Determination
04Competence And Induction
05Differentiation And Cell Identity
06Morphogenetic Gradients And Positional Information
07Cell Fate Mapping And Cell Lineages
08Genomic Equivalence And Cytoplasmic Determinants
09Imprinting In Development
10Mutants And Transgenics For Analyzing Development

5_02 Gametogenesis Fertilization And Early Development

01Production Of Gametes In Animals
02Embryo Sac Development In Plants
03Spermegg Recognition In Animals
04Fertilization In Animals Egg Activation And Polyspermy Blocks
05Double Fertilization And Its Outcomes In Plants
06Zygote Formation And Early Cleavage In Animals
07Blastula Formation And Embryonic Fields
08Gastrulation And Formation Of Germ Layers Animals
09Plant Embryogenesis And Establishment Of Symmetry
10Seed Formation And Germination

5_03 Morphogenesis And Organogenesis In Animals

01Morphogenesis Core Toolkit
02Dictyostelium Aggregation To Differentiation
03Axis And Pattern Formation Unifying Logic
04Drosophila Axes And Segmentation Conceptual Hierarchy
05Amphibian Axis Formation And Induction
06Chick Pattern Formation And Early Morphogenesis
07C Elegans Vulva Formation Induction In A Lineage
08Eye Lens Induction Tissue Interactions
09Limb Development Axes Pattern And Growth
10Regeneration In Vertebrates
11Neuronal Differentiation And Basic Neural Development
12Postembryonic Development Environment And Sex Determination

5_04 Morphogenesis And Organogenesis In Plants

01Plant Organogenesis Overview
02Shoot Apical Meristem Organization
03Root Apical Meristem Organization
04Shoot Development And Primary Growth
05Root Development And Lateral Roots
06Leaf Development And Polarity
07Phyllotaxy And Pattern Formation
08Transition To Flowering
09Floral Meristems And Floral Development Arabidopsis
10Floral Development Antirrhinum And Symmetry

5_05 Programmed Cell Death Aging And Senescence

01Big Picture Why Cells Die And Age
02Apoptosis Hallmarks And Phases
03Caspase Cascades And Control
04Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway
05Extrinsic Apoptosis Pathway
06Clearance Of Apoptotic Cells
07Autophagy And Regulated Necrosis Examlevel
08Cellular Senescence Induction And Maintenance
09Sasp And Tissuelevel Aging Links
10Aging Frameworks And Experimental Reasoning

Unit 6 System Physiology – Plant

6_01 Photosynthesis

01Light Harvesting Complexes Pigment Systems Antenna Function And Excitation Energy Transfer
02Mechanisms Of Electron Transport Zscheme Proton Motive Force And Atpnadph Generation
03Photoprotective Mechanisms Npq Xanthophyll Cycle Ros Control And Psii Repair
04Co2 Fixation In C3 Plants Calvinbenson Cycle Rubisco Regulation And Photorespiration Interface
05C4 And Cam Pathways Co2 Concentrating Strategies Energetic Tradeoffs And Ecological Significance

6_02 Respiration And Photorespiration

01Respiration Overview In Plants Pathways Compartments And Metabolic Purpose
02Citric Acid Cycle Reactions Energetics Amphibolic Roles And Regulation
03Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport And Atp Synthesis Complexes Pmf And Coupling
04Alternative Oxidase Aox Cyanideresistant Respiration Regulation And Physiological Roles
05Photorespiration Glycolate Salvage Pathway Compartmentation And Energetic Costs

6_03 Nitrogen Metabolism

01Nitrogen Forms Uptake And Longdistance Transport
02Nitrate Assimilation Nitrate Reductase And Nitrite Reductase
03Ammonium Assimilation Gsgogat Cycle And Glutamate Synthesis
04Amino Acid Biosynthesis I Nitrogen Donation Transamination And Major Amino Acid Families
05Amino Acid Biosynthesis Ii Specialized Families Regulation And Examstyle Problem Frameworks

6_04 Plant Hormones

01Foundations Hormone Concept Homeostasis And Experimental Logic
02Auxin Biosynthesis Polar Transport Storagecatabolism And Scftir1 Signaling
03Cytokinin Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Transport Conjugation And Twocomponent Signaling
04Gibberellins Ga Diterpenoid Biosynthesis Inactivation Movement And Dellabased Signaling
05Abscisic Acid Aba Biosynthesis Catabolism Transport And Pyrpylpp2Csnrk2 Signaling
06Ethylene Biosynthesis Diffusionbased Transport Perception And Transcriptional Signaling
07Additional Hormones Br Ja Sa Strigolactones And Peptide Hormonesbiosynthesis To Action
08Integration Hormone Crosstalk Transport Vs Local Synthesis And Highyield Physiological Case Studies

6_05 Sensory Photobiology

01Foundations Of Sensory Photobiology Light As Information And Experimental Logic
02Phytochromes Structure Prpfr Photochemistry And Redfarred Signaling Mechanisms
03Cryptochromes Bluelight Perception Signaling To Transcription And Clock Entrainment
04Phototropins Lovkinase Mechanism Phototropism Chloroplast Movement And Stomatal Opening
05Stomatal Movement Guard Cell Ion Transport Lightco2 Control And Signal Integration
06Photoperiodism And Biological Clocks Daylength Measurement Circadian Oscillator And Flowering Control

6_06 Solute Transport And Photoassimilate Translocation

01Water Potential And Plantsoil Water Uptake The Driving Forces
02Membrane Transport Channels Pumps Carriers And Electrochemical Gradients
03Ion Uptake And Longdistance Mineral Transport From Rhizosphere To Shoot
04Xylem Transport And Transpiration Cohesiontension Embolism And Wholeplant Water Flow
05Phloem Transport Sourcesink Relations And The Pressureflow Hypothesis
06Mechanisms Of Phloem Loading Symplastic Apoplastic And Polymertrap Strategies
07Phloem Unloading And Sink Strength Apoplastic Vs Symplastic Unloading And Assimilate Partitioning
08Macromolecule Transport And Integration Plasmodesmata Phloem Signaling And Measurement Strategies

6_07 Secondary Metabolites

01Secondary Metabolites Definitions Pathway Logic And Why Plants Invest In Them
02Terpenes I Ippdmapp Supply Via Mva And Mep Pathways
03Terpenes Ii Prenyl Chain Assembly Terpene Synthases And Ecological Roles Vocs Resins
04Phenolics I Shikimate Pathway Origins And Phenylpropanoid Entry Steps
05Phenolics Ii Flavonoids Lignin Tanninsbiosynthesis Branches And Functional Roles
06Nitrogenous Secondary Metabolites Alkaloids Cyanogenic Glycosides And Related Defenses
07Integration And Methods Compartmentation Transport Regulation And Profiling Of Specialized Metabolites

6_08 Stress Physiology

01Stress Physiology Framework Definitions Stages And Early Cellular Events
02Signal Transduction And Hormone Integration In Stress Responses
03Ros Biology And Antioxidant Defense Damage Control And Signaling
04Biotic Stress I Pathogen Recognition And Plant Immunity Pti Eti Hr
05Biotic Stress Ii Insect Herbivory And Induced Defenses
06Abiotic Stress I Water Deficit Drought And Dehydration Tolerance
07Abiotic Stress Ii Salinity Osmotic Shock Ion Toxicity And Nak Homeostasis
08Abiotic Stress Iii Temperature Stress Heat Shock And Cold Acclimation
09Systems Integration Systemic Signals Priming Crosstolerance And Interpreting Stress Data

Unit 7 System Physiology – Animal

7_01 Blood And Circulation

01Blood As A Physiological Tissue Overview And Physical Properties
02Formed Elements I Erythrocytes And Haemoglobin
03Formed Elements Ii Leukocytes Immunity And Platelets
04Haemopoiesis Stem Cells Sites And Growthfactor Control
05Plasma Functions Proteins And Physiological Buffering
06Blood Volume And Its Regulation
07Blood Groups Immunity In Transfusion And Haemostasis

7_02 Cardiovascular System

01Comparative Heart Anatomy And Circuit Design
02Myogenic Heart And Specialized Conducting Tissue
03Ecg Principle Waves And Physiological Significance
04Cardiac Cycle Events Valves And Heart Sounds
05Heart As A Pump Performance Variables And Integration
06Blood Pressure And Hemodynamics
07Neural And Chemical Regulation Of Cardiac Function And Blood Pressure

7_03 Respiratory System

01Comparative Respiration Strategies Across Animals
02Respiratory Anatomy Conducting Vs Exchange Regions
03Ventilation Mechanics Generating Airflowwaterflow
04Gas Exchange Partial Pressures Diffusion And Tissue Delivery
05Transport Of O2 And Co2 Carriage And Buffering Concepts
06Waste Elimination Via Respiration And Integrative Homeostasis
07Neural And Chemical Regulation Of Breathing

7_04 Nervous System

01Neuron Fundamentals And Neural Signaling Overview
02Membrane Potential And Action Potential Mechanics
03Synapses And Integration From Signals To Circuits
04Gross Neuroanatomy Brain Organization For Csirstyle Questions
05Spinal Cord Anatomy Tracts And Reflex Organization
06Cns Vs Pns Organization Of Somatic And Autonomic Control
07Neural Control Of Muscle Tone And Posture

7_05 Sense Organs

01General Organization Of Sense Organs And Sensory Coding
02Vision I Optics And Eye Anatomy
03Vision Ii Phototransduction And Visual Pathways
04Hearing Mechanics Cochlear Coding And Auditory Pathways
05Tactile Response Receptors Pathways And Discrimination
06Integration And Reflex Responses Linked To Sense Organs

7_06 Excretory System

01Comparative Excretion And Osmoregulatory Constraints
02Kidney Architecture And Nephron Segmentation
03Urine Formation I Filtration And Gfr Control
04Urine Formation Ii Tubular Transport Clearance And Waste Elimination
05Urine Concentration Countercurrent Systems And Adhdependent Water Handling
06Micturition Storagevoiding Control And Reflex Integration
07Regulation Of Water Electrolytes Blood Volume And Blood Pressure
08Renal Acidbase Regulation And Integrated Compensation

7_07 Thermoregulation

01Thermoregulation Foundations And Comfort Zone
02Physical Regulation Heat Transfer And Heat Conservation
03Physical Regulation Evaporative Cooling And Heat Dissipation
04Chemical Regulation Thermogenesis And Metabolic Control
05Neural Regulation Sensors Hypothalamus And Effectors
06Acclimatization And Comparative Thermoregulation

7_08 Stress And Adaptation

01Core Framework What Is Stress
02Neuroendocrine Stress Responses Sam And Hpa
03General Adaptation Syndrome And Systemic Physiology
04Stressimmune Interactions
05Cellular Stress Responses And Adaptation Mechanisms
06Chronic Stress Tradeoffs And Adaptation Outcomes
07Biomarkers Experiments And Csirstyle Problem Solving

7_09 Digestive System

01Digestive System Blueprint And Regulation
02Digestion I Carbohydrates And Proteins
03Digestion Ii Lipids And Biledependent Processing
04Absorption Transporters Routes And Postabsorptive Fate
05Energy Balance Intake Control And Metabolic Partitioning
06Bmr And Metabolicrate Reasoning Problemfocused

7_10 Endocrinology And Reproduction

01Endocrine Foundations Signals Glands And Feedback
02Mechanisms Of Hormone Action Receptors And Signaling
03Highyield Endocrine Axes And Metabolic Integration
04Hormones And Diseases Pattern Recognition And Reasoning
05Reproductive Physiology Overview Male And Female Systems
06Gametogenesis And Ovulation Mechanisms And Control Points
07Neuroendocrine Regulation Of Reproduction And Reproductive Outcomes

Unit 8 Inheritance Biology

8_01 Mendelian Principles

01Foundations Of Mendelian Genetics And Cross Notation
02Law Of Dominance And Monohybrid Ratios
03Law Of Segregation And Its Meiotic Basis
04Law Of Independent Assortment And Dihybrid Outcomes

8_02 Concept Of Gene

01Concept Of Gene And Allele Vocabulary To Mechanism
02Multiple Alleles Population Diversity Individual Genotypes
03Pseudoalleles And Intragenic Recombination When One Gene Is Not One Unit
04Complementation Tests Cistrans Design And Interpretation

8_03 Extensions Of Mendelian Principles

01Dominance Deviations Incomplete Dominance Vs Codominance
02Gene Interactions Epistasis And Modified Dihybrid Ratios
03Pleiotropy And Genotypetophenotype Networks
04Penetrance Expressivity And Phenocopies Variability In Inheritance
05Genomic Imprinting Parentoforigin Effects
06Linkage And Crossing Over Recombination As A Mapping Tool
07Gene Mapping Extensions Interference And Multipoint Logic
08Sex Linkage Xlinked And Ylinked Inheritance Patterns
09Sexlimited And Sexinfluenced Characters

8_04 Gene Mapping Methods

01Genetic Mapping Foundations Linkage Recombination And Map Units
02Twopoint Linkage Mapping And Common Exam Patterns
03Threepoint Mapping Gene Order Double Crossovers And Interference
04Tetrad Analysis In Fungi Pdnpdtt And Centromere Mapping
05Mapping With Molecular Markers Snpssr Logic And Linkagemap Construction
06Somatic Cell Hybrid Mapping Chromosome Assignment By Retention Analysis
07Development Of Plant Mapping Populations Design Choices And Applications

8_05 Extra Chromosomal Inheritance

01What Extrachromosomal Inheritance Is And How To Recognize It
02Mitochondrial Inheritance Principles And Pedigrees
03Chloroplast Inheritance Plastid Genetics And Variegation Logic
04Heteroplasmy Replicative Segregation And The Threshold Concept
05Examfacing Comparisons Pitfalls And Integrated Problem Patterns

8_06 Microbial Genetics

01Microbial Genetic Transfer Big Picture And Experimental Logic
02Transformation Competence Uptake And Mapping By Cotransformation
03Conjugation Fundamentals F Plasmid Hfr Strains And Gene Transfer
04Interrupted Mating Timeofentry Mapping In Hfr Crosses
05Transduction Generalized Vs Specialized And Mapping By Cotransduction
06Sexduction F Transfer And Merodiploids Dominance And Complementation In Bacteria
07Finestructure Analysis Of Genes Recombination Within Genes And Functional Units

8_07 Human Genetics

01Pedigree Symbols Notation And Firstpass Pattern Recognition
02Pedigreebased Probability And Recurrence Risk
03Linkage Concepts For Humans Recombination Fraction Haplotypes And Informativeness
04Lod Score For Linkage Testing Computation And Interpretation
05Karyotypes Chromosome Identification Banding Logic And Iscnstyle Interpretation
06Genetic Disorders Mendelian Chromosomal Mitochondrial And Multifactorial

8_08 Quantitative Genetics

01Quantitative Traits And Polygenic Inheritance
02Variance Partitioning Genetic Vs Environmental Components
03Heritability Definitions Interpretation And Common Misconceptions
04Measuring Heritability Designs And Computations
05Qtl Mapping Principle Workflow And Interpretation
06Integrative Problem Patterns Linking Polygenes Heritability And Qtl

8_09 Mutation

01Mutation Basics And Classification Frameworks
02Causes Of Mutation Spontaneous Sources
03Induced Mutagenesis Physical And Chemical Mutagens
04Detection Of Mutants And Mutations Selection Screening And Molecular Confirmation
05Mutant Classes I Lethal And Conditional Mutations
06Mutant Classes Ii Biochemical Lossoffunction And Gainoffunction
07Germline Versus Somatic Mutation Inheritance Mosaicism And Disease Logic
08Insertional Mutagenesis Mechanisms Detection And Genetagging Logic

8_10 Structural And Numerical Alterations Of Chromosomes

01Framework Chromosome Aberrations And How They Arise
02Deletion Deficiency Dosage Loss And Genetic Interpretation
03Duplication Dosage Gain And Evolutionary Relevance
04Inversions Paracentric Vs Pericentric And Meiotic Consequences
05Translocations Reciprocal And Robertsonian Balanced Vs Unbalanced Outcomes
06Numerical Changes Aneuploidy Polyploidy And Ploidy Concepts
07Problem Patterns Linking Aberrations To Inheritance Mapping And Phenotype

8_11 Recombination

01Recombination Definitions Products And Why It Matters
02Homologous Recombination Strand Exchange And Holliday Intermediates
03Meiotic Homologous Recombination Programmed Dsbs And Crossover Control
04Mitotic Hr In Dna Repair Dsbr Sdsa And Template Choice
05Nonhomologous Recombination Nhej And Illegitimate Joining
06Transposition Dna Transposons And Retrotransposons As Recombination Drivers
07Integrative Problem Patterns Distinguishing Hr Nhej And Transposition

Unit 9 Diversity of Life Forms

9_01 Principles & Methods Of Taxonomy

01Foundationstaxonomy Systematics And The Goals Of Classification
02Concepts Of Speciesdefinitions Applications And Limitations
03Hierarchical Taxa And Modern Classification Principles
04Biological Nomenclaturerules Codes And Common Exam Traps
05Classical Taxonomy Methodsplants And Animals Character Systems And Keys
06Classical Taxonomy Methodsmicroorganisms Phenotypic And Chemotaxonomic Criteria
07Quantitative Taxonomynumerical Methods And Interpretation
08Integrationtaxonomy Across Plants Animals And Microbes Examoriented Synthesis

9_02 Levels Of Structural Organization

01Big Picturestructural Organization And Complexity
02Unicellular Formscomplete Life In One Cell
03Colonial Formsaggregation And Partial Division Of Labor
04Multicellular Formstissues Organs And Systems
05Comparative Anatomypatterns Homology Analogy And Functional Inference
06Adaptive Radiationdiversification Of Form With Ecological Opportunity
07Adaptive Modificationsstructural Adaptations Across Environments
08Integration And Csirstyle Problem Solvinglinking Organization Anatomy And Adaptation

9_03 Outline Classification Of Plants Animals & Microorganisms

01Classification Essentialswhat Is Classified And On What Basis
02Outline Classification Of Plantsmajor Groups And Key Criteria
03Outline Classification Of Animalsbody Plan Criteria And Major Lineages
04Outline Classification Of Microorganismscriteria Systems And Practical Constraints
05Evolutionary Relationships Among Taxareading Relatedness From Characters And Trees
06Integrationcomparative Criteria Across Plants Animals And Microorganisms

9_04 Natural History Of Indian Subcontinent

01Natural History And Indian Biogeographywhat To Study And How
02Major Habitat Types Of Indiastructure Climate And Flagship Taxa
03Biogeographic Regions Of The Subcontinentwhere Habitats And Lineages Cluster
04Geographic Origins Of Indian Biotahistory Behind Present Distributions
05Migrations And Movementsseasonal Altitudinal And Range Dynamics
06Common Indian Mammalshabitats Adaptations And Recognitionlevel Natural History
07Common Indian Birdshabitats Migration And Recognitionlevel Natural History
08Seasonality And Phenologymonsoon Ecology And Timing Of Lifehistory Events

9_05 Organisms Of Health & Agricultural Importance

01Foundationswhat Counts As A Parasite Or Pathogen And How Diseases Spread
02Human Parasitesprotozoa And Helminths Lifecycle Logic And Control
03Human Pathogensbacterial And Viral Diseases Routes Prevention And Treatment Logic
04Domestic Animal Infectionsveterinary Importance And Zoonotic Links
05Crop Diseasesmajor Pathogen Groups Symptoms And Disease Cycles
06Integrated Managementbreaking Cycles In Humans Animals And Crops

Unit 10 Ecological Principles

10_01 The Environment

01What Ecologists Mean By Environment
02Physical Environment Abiotic Major Factors And How They Act
03Biotic Environment Living Components And Their Ecological Roles
04Bioticbiotic Interactions Types Outcomes And Examfriendly Models
05Abioticbiotic Interactions Linking Conditions To Biology

10_02 Habitat And Niche

01Habitat Vs Niche Definitions And Exam Traps
02Niche Width Breadth Specialization And Measurement Logic
03Niche Overlap Competition Signals And Coexistence Implications
04Fundamental Vs Realized Niche Biotic Constraints And Niche Shifts
05Resource Partitioning Mechanisms Of Stable Coexistence
06Character Displacement Evolutionary Response To Competition

10_03 Population Ecology

01Population Basics And Key Characteristics
02Population Growth Curves I Exponential Growth And Its Meaning
03Population Growth Curves Ii Logistic Growth And Carrying Capacity
04Population Regulation Mechanisms And Evidence
05Life History Strategies R And K Selection And Demographic Tradeoffs
06Agestructured Populations Life Tables And Projection Logic
07Metapopulations Demes Dispersal And Interdemic Extinctions

10_04 Species Interactions

01Classifying Species Interactions 0 And Interpreting Outcomes
02Interspecific Competition Mechanisms Outcomes And Coexistence
03Herbivory Plantconsumer Interactions And Defenses
04Carnivory Predation Predatorprey Dynamics And Adaptations
05Pollination Mutualism Specialization And Network Thinking
06Symbiosis Mutualism Commensalism And Parasitism In Intimate Associations

10_05 Community Ecology

01Nature Of Communities What A Community Is And Isnt
02Community Structure I Composition Dominance And Abundance Patterns
03Community Structure Ii Trophic Organization Stratification And Key Species
04Levels Of Species Diversity Alpha Beta Gamma
05Measuring Diversity Richness Evenness And Standard Indices
06Edges And Ecotones Boundary Ecology And Edge Effects

10_06 Ecological Succession

01Succession Fundamentals Definition Scope And Timeline Logic
02Types Of Succession Primary Secondary And Pathway Descriptors
03Mechanisms Of Species Replacement Facilitation Tolerance Inhibition
04Changes During Succession Composition Energy Flow And Biogeochemistry
05Climax Concept Classical Climax Multiple States And Dynamic Equilibrium
06Csirstyle Application Diagnosing Succession From Graphs And Case Vignettes

10_07 Ecosystem Ecology

01Ecosystem Concept Structure And Boundaries
02Ecosystem Function Processes And Ecosystem Metabolism
03Energy Flow Trophic Transfer Efficiencies And Pyramids
04Mineral Biogeochemical Cycling Carbon Cycle
05Mineral Cycling Nitrogen And Phosphorus Cycles
06Primary Production Concepts Controls And Measurement Logic
07Decomposition And Detrital Pathways From Litter To Mineral Nutrients
08Indian Ecosystems I Terrestrialforests And Grasslands Structure And Function
09Indian Ecosystems Ii Aquaticfreshwater Marine And Estuarine Structure And Function

10_08 Biogeography

01Biogeography Foundations Patterns Scales And Biome Logic
02Major Terrestrial Biomes I Forests Across Climate Gradients
03Major Terrestrial Biomes Ii Grasslands Deserts And Tundra
04Island Biogeography Equilibrium Theory And Predictions
05From Islands To Fragments Reserve Design And Connectivity
06Biogeographical Zones Of India Regions Habitats And Endemism
07Environmental Pollution I Types Sources And Pathways
08Environmental Pollution Ii Ecological Effects And Classic Case Frameworks
09Global Environmental Change Drivers And Ecological Consequences
10Biodiversity Status What Is Measured And How Risk Is Categorized
11Biodiversity Monitoring And Documentation Tools And Study Designs
12Drivers Of Biodiversity Change And Management Approaches

10_09 Conservation Biology

01Conservation Biology Scope And Foundational Principles
02Threat Processes And Extinction Risk The Mechanism View
03Small Population Biology And Conservation Genetics
04Major Management Approaches In Situ And Ex Situ
05Planning And Evaluation Reserve Design Connectivity And Pva Conceptual
06Indian Case Study I Project Tigerstrategy Monitoring And Challenges
07Indian Case Study Ii Biosphere Reserveszonation And Integrated Management

Unit 11 Evolution and Behavior

11_01 Emergence Of Evolutionary Thoughts

01Origins Of Evolutionary Thinking And Lamarcks Framework
02Darwins Theory Variation Adaptation Struggle Fitness And Natural Selection
03Mendelism And The Genetics Of Inheritance Reconciling Heredity With Evolution
04Spontaneity Of Mutations And Mutation As A Source Of Novelty
05Evolutionary Synthesis Integrating Darwin Mendel And Population Thinking
06Examfocused Consolidation Common Traps And Highyield Comparisons

11_02 Origin Of Cells And Unicellular Evolution

01Prebiotic Earth And The Origin Of Basic Biological Molecules
02Abiotic Synthesis Of Monomers Evidence And Key Experiments
03From Monomers To Polymers Abiotic Polymerization And Concentration Problems
04Oparinhaldane Hypothesis And Protocell Models
05Early Bioenergetics Anaerobic Metabolism Photosynthesis And Aerobic Metabolism
06Evolution Of Prokaryotes And The Transition To Eukaryotes
07Evolution Of Unicellular Eukaryotes Diversification And Metabolic Innovation

11_03 Paleontology And Evolutionary History

01Paleontology Essentials And Building The Evolutionary Time Framework
02The Geological Time Scale Eons Eras Periods Epochs
03Major Events In Evolutionary History
04Origins Of Unicellular And Multicellular Organisms Fossil Perspective
05Major Plant Groups Sequence And Key Innovations
06Major Animal Groups Key Transitions And Vertebrate Milestones
07Primate Evolution And Stages In Human Homo Evolution

11_04 Molecular Evolution

01Neutral And Nearly Neutral Evolution Core Ideas And Predictions
02Molecular Divergence Measuring And Interpreting Sequence Differences
03Molecular Clocks Assumptions Calibration And Rate Variation
04Molecular Tools For Phylogeny Classification And Identification
05Protein And Nucleotide Sequence Analysis Alignments Models And Inference
06Tree Building Methods And Evaluating Phylogenetic Confidence
07Origin Of New Genes And Proteins Duplication Divergence And Novelty

11_05 The Mechanisms

01Foundations Of Population Genetics Populations Gene Pools And Allele Frequencies
02Hardyweinberg Law The Null Model And How To Use It
03Natural Selection And Allelefrequency Change
04Migration Gene Flow Mixing Populations And Opposing Divergence
05Random Genetic Drift And Effective Population Size
06Speciation And Isolating Mechanisms
07Allopatric And Sympatric Speciation Models And Evidence
08Adaptive Radiation And Convergent Evolution Diversification Patterns
09Sexual Selection Mate Choice Competition And Evolutionary Consequences
10Coevolution Antagonism Mutualism And Reciprocal Adaptation

11_06 Brain Behavior And Evolution

01Foundations How To Study Behavior
02Proximate Vs Ultimate Causation Tinbergens Framework
03Altruism And Cooperation Kin Selection Reciprocity And Group Selection
04Neural Foundations I Learning And Memory
05Neural Foundations Ii Cognition Sleep And Arousal
06Biological Clocks And Chronobiology
07Development Of Behavior Genes Environment And Critical Periods
08Social Behavior I Communication And Dominance
09Space Use Territoriality And Aggression
10Mating Systems Parental Investment And Reproductive Success
11Parental Care Strategies And Lifehistory Tradeoffs
12Habitat Selection And Optimal Foraging
13Migration Orientation And Navigation
14Domestication And Behavioral Change Under Artificial Selection

Unit 12 Applied Biology

12_01 Microbial Fermentation And Production Of Small And Macro Molecules

01Foundations Of Industrial Microbial Fermentation
02Types Of Fermentation Processes And When To Use Them
03Upstream Processing Strain Inoculum And Media Design
04Bioreactors Aerationagitation And Process Control
05Fermentation Kinetics Yields And Productivity Metrics
06Smallmolecule Production By Microbial Fermentation
07Macromolecule Production Enzymes Biopolymers Recombinant Proteins
08Downstream Processing Dsp Harvest Purification And Formulation
09Scaleup Troubleshooting And Qualityregulatory Essentials

12_02 Application Of Immunological Principles Vaccines Diagnostics

01Applied Immunology Foundations For Vaccines And Diagnostics
02Vaccine Platforms Components And Immunization Logic
03Vaccine Development Evaluation And Implementation Examlevel
04Immunodiagnostics I Principles Performance And Common Assay Formats
05Immunodiagnostics Ii Elisa Blotting Microscopy Flow And Rapid Tests
06Monoclonal Antibodies And Engineered Binders In Application
07Animal Cell Culture Core Methods And Good Practice
08Animal Cell Culture Applications Diagnostics Vaccines And Experimental Assays
09Plant Tissue Culture Totipotency Media And Regeneration Routes
10Plant Micropropagation And Applied Outcomes Integration With Biosafety And Qc

12_03 Transgenic Animals And Plants

01Core Framework What Counts As A Transgenic Organism
02Transgeneconstruct Design And Control Of Expression
03Transgenic Plants I Transformation Methods
04Transgenic Plants Ii Regeneration Selection And Stable Line Creation
05Transgenic Animals I Randomintegration Transgenesis
06Transgenic Animals Ii Targeted Genome Modification Es Cells And Crispr
07Molecular Characterization Of Transgenic Plants And Animals
08Molecular Diagnosis Target Selection Amplification Methods And Controls
09Molecular Strain Identification And Typing From Barcodes To Genomes
10Quality Validation Biosafety And Ethics Across Transgenics And Diagnostics

12_04 Genomics

01Genomics Scope And Genome Organization
02Sequencing Technologies And Experimental Design
03Assembly Alignment And Genome Annotation Examlevel
04Genetic Variation And Genotypephenotype Relationships In Health
05Genomics In Diagnosis Surveillance And Precision Medicine
06Cancer Genomics Applied Overview
07Agricultural Genomics Mapping Traits And Enabling Breeding
08Functional Genomics For Health And Agriculture Multiomics Logic
09Gene Therapy Principles Strategies And Delivery Systems
10Therapeutic Genome Editing And Translation Safety Ethics And Regulation

12_05 Bioresource And Uses Of Biodiversity

01Bioresource And Biodiversity Core Concepts And Ecosystem Services
02Bioprospecting Discovery Of Useful Organisms Genes And Metabolites
03Major Bioresource Classes And Their Uses Microbes Plants Animals
04Traditional Knowledge Ethnobiology And Resource Validation
05Conservation As Bioresource Management In Situ And Ex Situ Strategies
06Bioresource Repositories And Documentation Systems
07Access And Benefitsharing Abs Ipr And Responsible Commercialization
08Biodiversity Assessment And Molecular Tools Barcoding Edna Metagenomics
09Biodiversity Applications In Agriculture Health And Industry
10Sustainable Use Bioeconomy Climate Change And Biosecurity

12_06 Breeding In Plants And Animals

01Breeding Aims And Program Design
02Genetic Foundations For Breeding Decisions
03Quantitative Genetics Heritability And Response To Selection
04Inbreeding Heterosis And Mating Systems
05Plant Breeding Methods Selection And Crossing Schemes
06Animal Breeding Methods Ebv Logic Crossbreeding And Testing
07Markerassisted Selection Mas Principles And Workflows
08Qtl Mapping And Gwas For Breeding Applications
09Genomic Selection And Genomic Breeding Pipelines
10Enabling Technologies Evaluation Trials And Responsible Breeding

12_07 Bioremediation And Phytoremediation

01Conceptual Foundations What Bioremediation And Phytoremediation Do
02Contaminant Classes And Environmental Fate Why Cleanup Is Hard
03Microbial Metabolism And Pathways Used In Bioremediation
04Bioremediation Strategies Natural Attenuation To Engineered Systems
05Phytoremediation Mechanisms And Plant Selection
06Rhizosphere Biology Plantmicrobe Synergy In Remediation
07Enhancing Bioavailability And Remediation Rates And Associated Risks
08Monitoring Endpoints And Riskbased Remediation Evaluation
09Molecular And Genomic Tools For Remediation And Phytoremediation Studies
10Constraints Sustainability And Realworld Deployment

12_08 Biosensors

01What Is A Biosensor Core Architecture And Examples
02Biorecognition Elements Choosing The Biological Detector
03Immobilization And Surfaces Making Recognition Elements Work On Devices
04Electrochemical Biosensors The Most Common Platform
05Optical Biosensors Labeled And Labelfree Detection
06Piezoelectricacoustic And Thermal Biosensors
07Analytical Performance Calibration Figures Of Merit And Error Sources
08Biosensor Applications In Health Agriculture Environment And Industry
09Modern Biosensing Trends Nanobiosensors Microfluidics And Wearables
10Validation Biosafety And Responsible Deployment

Unit 13 Methods in Biology

13_01 Molecular Biology And Recombinant DNA Methods

01Foundations Of Biomolecule Isolation And Sample Integrity
02Isolation And Purification Of Rna Total Rna Mrna And Dna Genomic Plasmid
03Protein Extraction Purification And Separation Methods
04Gel Electrophoresis For Dna And Rna 1D And Key Variants
05Protein Electrophoresis Sdspage Native Page 2D Gels And Isoelectric Focusing
06Molecular Cloning Inserts Vectors Assembly And Validation
07Expression Of Recombinant Proteins In Bacterial Animal And Plant Systems
08Isolation Of Specific Nucleic Acid Sequences And Library Screening Logic
09Genomic And Cdna Libraries Construction And Vector Platforms Plasmid Phage Cosmid Bac Yac
10In Vitro Mutagenesis Deletions And Gene Knockout In Bacteria And Eukaryotes
11Protein Sequencing Methods And Detection Of Posttranslational Modifications Ptms
12Dna Sequencing Methods And Genome Sequencing Strategies
13Methods For Gene Expression Analysis At Rna And Protein Levels Including Microarrays
14Isolation Separation And Analysis Of Carbohydrates And Lipids
15Dna Polymorphism Methods Rflp Rapd And Aflp

13_02 Histochemical And Immunotechniques

01Immunochemistry And Histochemistry Foundations
02Antibody Generation Classes And Selection For Assays
03Elisa Formats Quantification And Troubleshooting
04Ria Competitive Immunoassay Principles And Interpretation
05Western Blotting Detection Of Proteins And Isoforms
06Immunoprecipitation Ip And Coimmunoprecipitation Coip
07Flow Cytometry Principles Fluorophores And Gating Logic
08Immunofluorescence Microscopy And In Situ Protein Localization
09Detection Of Molecules In Living Cells
10In Situ Nucleic Acid Localization Fish And Gish

13_03 Biophysical Method

01Core Measurement Ideas For Biophysical Methods
02Uvvisible Spectroscopy For Molecular Analysis
03Fluorescence Spectroscopy And Fluorescencebased Molecular Analysis
04Circular Dichroism Cd Spectroscopy For Secondary Structure And Folding
05Nmr Spectroscopy For Molecular Analysis And Structure Determination
06Esrepr Spectroscopy For Radicals Metal Centers And Spin Labels
$07Xray Diffractioncrystallography And Structure Determination Logic$ 07Xray Diffractioncrystallography And Structure Determination Logic
08Light Scattering For Size Aggregation And Molar Mass
09Mass Spectrometry Ionization Analyzers Tandem Ms And Biological Applications
10Surface Plasmon Resonance Spr For Labelfree Binding Kinetics

13_04 Statistical Methods

01Data Types Summaries And Dispersion
02Probability And Distributions Binomial Poisson Normal
03Sampling Distributions Standard Error And Confidence Intervals
04Hypothesis Testing Errors And Significance
05Parametric Vs Nonparametric Statistics And Assumption Thinking
06Correlation Association Without Causation
07Regression Modeling And Prediction Using Linear Relationships
08Ttests Onesample Paired And Independent Samples
09Anova Comparing More Than Two Means
10Chisquare X2 Tests Goodnessoffit And Independence
11Introduction To Multivariate Statistics Examlevel Awareness

13_05 Radiolabeling Techniques

01Radiation Fundamentals For Biological Radiolabeling
02Units Counting And Quantitative Interpretation Cpm Dpm Efficiency
03Detection Instruments For Radioisotopes In Biology
04Autoradiography And Phosphorimaging For Gels Blots And Tissues
05Incorporation Of Radioisotopes In Cells And Tissues Metabolic Labeling
06Radiotracers And Radioligand Assays Conceptual Applications
07Molecular Imaging Of Radioactive Material Pet And Spect
08Radiation Safety Guidelines And Laboratory Best Practices

13_06 Microscopic Techniques

01What Microscopy Measures And How Images Are Formed
02Resolving Power Across Microscope Types
03Light Microscopy For Cells And Subcellular Components
04Fluorescence Microscopy Basics For Subcellular Visualization
05Livecell Microscopy And Dynamic Imaging
06Electron Microscopy Overview Sem Vs Tem
07Fixation And Staining For Em Chemical Preparation Workflow
08Sem Preparation Concepts For Biological Specimens
$09Freezefracture And Freezeetch Methods For Em$ 09Freezefracture And Freezeetch Methods For Em
10Image Processing And Quantitative Microscopy

13_07 Electrophysiological Methods

01Foundations Of Electrophysiological Measurement
02Single Neuron Recording Extracellular Spikes And Basic Analysis
03Intracellular Recording And Current Clamp Concepts
04Patchclamp Recording Configurations And What Each Reveals
05Ecg Principles Leads And Interpretation Basics
06Brain Activity Recording Eeg And Field Potential Logic
07Lesion Approaches Mapping Function To Structure
08Brain Stimulation Probing Circuits And Sufficiency
09Pharmacological Testing In Neurophysiology
10Pet Imaging Functional And Molecular Readouts
11Mri And Fmri Structure And Function In The Brain
12Ct Cat Imaging Principles And Biological Applications

13_08 Methods In Field Biology

01Foundations Of Field Sampling And Inference
02Plant Population Density Using Quadrats And Transects
03Animal Density Estimation By Distance Sampling
04Markrecapture Approaches For Population Estimation
05Indices Of Abundance And Effortstandardized Measures
06Direct Methods For Ranging Patterns And Movement
07Indirect Methods For Ranging Patterns Signs And Traces
08Remote Observation For Population And Movement Camera Traps Acoustics Drones
09Behavioral Study Sampling Methods And Ethograms
10Habitat Characterization Using Groundbased Methods
11Habitat Characterization Using Remote Sensing And Gis Integration

Self-Evaluation Tests

Unit 01 Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology
Unit 02 Cellular Organization
Unit 03 Fundamental Processes
Unit 04 Cell Communication and Cell Signaling
Unit 05 Developmental Biology
Unit 06 System Physiology – Plant
Unit 07 System Physiology – Animal
Unit 08 Inheritance Biology
Unit 09 Diversity of Life Forms
Unit 10 Ecological Principles
Unit 11 Evolution and Behavior
Unit 12 Applied Biology
Unit 13 Methods in Biology

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CSIR Life Sciences Master Course

6 MONTHS STUDY PLAN

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Enrolment fee: INR 7200.00

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CSIR Life Sciences Master Course

CSIR Life Sciences Master Course

CSIR Life Sciences Master Course

6 MONTHS STUDY PLAN

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3 DAYS TRIAL Acccess

CSIR Life Sciences Master Course
Life Sciences